Definition of
Reasoning
Reasoning is he process and result of reasoning. This verbfor its part, consists of organize and structure ideas to arrive at one conclusion. For example: «I think your reasoning is incorrect: Mariano should not have done that under any circumstances», “I don’t understand what your reasoning is”, “My son, on many occasions, surprises me with his reasoning”.
A reasoning, therefore, implies a certain mental activity which leads to the development of concepts. These concepts can be used for persuasive purposes or to carry out a certain demonstration.
- What is a reasoning
- A trial as a starting point
- inductive reasoning
- the deduction
- abductive reasoning and argumentative reasoning
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What is a reasoning
Reasoning, ultimately, enables the resolution of issues and the learning through logic, reflection and other tools. According to the mental activity in question, it is possible to differentiate between more than one kind of reasoning.
We can see how reasoning works in numerous examples. Suppose a man who is sitting on the beach discusses the possibility of swimming for a while in the sea. While on the sand, he watches as a lifeguard (lifeguard) rescues a bather who was being swept away by the current. Five minutes later, a similar scene is repeated. From the shore, the man finally decides not to enter the ocean: his reasoning indicates that it is a dangerous day for swimming.
It can help you: Reflection
A trial as a starting point
He logic reasoning consists of starting from a certain judgment to determine if another is valid, possible, or false. Since logic is in charge of studying the arguments, it also participates indirectly when studying reasoning.
The normal thing is that the judgments on which a reasoning is based serve to express previous knowledge or, at least, that have been exposed as hypotheses. Within this group, one can talk about various types of reasoning.
See also: Logical reasoning
inductive reasoning
He inductive reasoningwhich is also known as inductive logichas the purpose of studying the tests that make possible the measurement probability of the rules to generate strong inductive arguments, as well as the measurement of the arguments themselves.
It differs from deductive reasoning, described below, in that it does not offer tools for deciding whether or not an argument is valid. Therefore, the concept of inductive forcewhich is used to describe how likely it is that a conclusion is true if its premises are true.
Continue on: Deductive method
the deduction
Within the scope of the logiche deductive reasoning represents an argument in which the conclusion is to be inferred from the premises.
Formally, it is possible to define deductions as finite sequences of formulas, in which the conclusion (of the deduction) is the last one, and all of them are premises, axioms, or arise from inferring directly from some of the previous ones through certain rules. , called transformation either of inferencewhich are functions that analyze the syntax of the premises and return a conclusion;
See also: Axiom
abductive reasoning and argumentative reasoning
He abductive reasoning is a kind of reasoning that begins when describing a freak or an event and allows to reach a hypothesis that offers an explanation to its possible motives or reasons through the premises that are obtained.
According to the English logician, scientist and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce, who is considered the founder and father of pragmatism and modern semiotics, we must refer to abductive reasoning using the term conjectures. Conjectures try to be the most probable or correct explanation at a glance.
He argumentative reasoningFinally, it is associated with the arguments related to the production of the language. An argument, in this sense, expresses in words the result of reasoning.
More in: Theory