Definition of
Phenomenology
The concept of phenomenology It has various uses in the field of philosophy. The first meaning mentioned by the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) in his dictionary alludes to the theory of phenomena.
- Between theory and experiment
- Husserl’s phenomenology
- Hegel’s phenomenology
- Phenomenology of perception
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Between theory and experiment
A freakin this framework, is what a subject perceives and that, therefore, appears in his consciousness. Phenomenology is understood as the establishment of relationships between various empirical observations that allow generating knowledge in tune with a theory.
Phenomenology, in this case, is halfway between the theories and the experiments. It does not derive from the theories directly, although it is consistent with them, and in turn presents a higher level of abstraction than the experiments.
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Husserl’s phenomenology
On the other hand, it is known as phenomenology, a method devised by the German edmund husserl to access the essence of the entities through their description. For husserlBy describing what is available through intuition, it is possible to capture its essence, which goes beyond one’s own consciousness.
The phenomenology of husserlknown as transcendental phenomenologyseeks to expose how reality is presented in the subjectivity of people. For this, it aims to discover and detail what its essential structures are.
See also: Method
Hegel’s phenomenology
The notion of phenomenology also appears in the construction site from another German philosopher: Friedrich Hegel. According Hegelphenomenology is the spiritual dialectic that makes it possible to reach absolute knowledge based on sensible knowledge.
This phenomenology supposes that, knowing the phenomena fully, one can build a awareness of the absolute truth. In fact, Hegel presented the foundations of the absolute idealism in a work titled “Phenomenology of Spirit”.
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Phenomenology of perception
Another of the important names in this framework is Maurice Merleau-Ponty, a philosopher born in France in 1908 who was considerably influenced by the work of Edmund Husserl. In the year 1945, he published his work Phenomenology of perception. In it he dealt with various topics, such as being color perceptionwhich claims to have a variation correlative to that of the lighting and the surface of the elements that are arranged in the perceptual field.
In other words, according to the Merleau-Ponty theory we cannot speak of a pure perception of colours, but that these appear linked to the objects that display them and their lighting. He color it can also be associated with other properties of things, as occurs with certain fruits and their flavors. In addition, despite the fact that they present different shades throughout the day, depending on the place where they are and the light conditions, the perception of their color remains stable for us: we always think that lemon is yellow. , tomato is red and broccoli is green.
Within this conception of phenomenology, we also find a section about the very experience of perception, which according to the French author is always formed by structures. It is about various parts and their respective relationships, which are made up of smaller ones, so that the unity of perception (or of sensation) is itself a structure.
On the other hand, treat natural world, things like the sky, which were not created by the human being nor are they directly related to their body, even though it is through it that we can perceive them. Although at first glance this statement seems to present the natural and the artifacts as opposed, Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology locates them in the natural world because they are part of our environment.
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