Definition of
diamagnetism
diamagnetism is the magnetic property of the materials that gives them a weak magnetization in sense opposite of applying a magnetic field. We must clarify that this term is not part of the dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE).
- diamagnetic material
- Paramagnetism
- Properties of diamagnetic materials
- Related Topics Tree
diamagnetic material
A diamagnetic material is repelled for magnet. It is important to mention that all materials have a certain level of diamagnetism, although only those whose diamagnetic capacity is not hidden or covered by another class of material are classified as diamagnetic. magnetism.
Upon application of a magnetic field, a material always answer. In the case of diamagnetism, the material repels the magnetic field. The opposite of diamagnetism is ferromagnetismwhich implies an attraction by the magnetic field.
Magnets therefore repel diamagnetic materials and attract ferromagnetic materials. The silver and the copper, for example, are characterized by their diamagnetism. He magnetic flux is the amount of magnetism in a material: diamagnetism is characterized by its decrease, while ferromagnetism is characterized by its increase.
Diamagnetic substances move outside the external magnetic field, without being attracted. This is because your molecules either atoms lack a permanent magnetic momentas it happens with the water (H2O). Diamagnetism is notorious in superconductors.
Paramagnetism
Paramagnetism assumes that the material is attracted by the magnetic field, but in a very weak way. It is an intermediate property between diamagnetism and ferromagnetism, both of which are characterized by complete repulsion or attraction.
Expressed in more technical terms, this property can be defined as the tendency of a free magnetic moment to align itself parallel to a given magnetic field. It is understood by magnetic moment the vector magnitude used to indicate the strength possessed by a source of magnetic field.
A strong coupling of these magnetic moments is enough so that the phenomenon that is appreciated is not paramagnetism, but ferromagnetism. Note that their orientation will be arbitrary if there is no external magnetic field influencing them. In fact, this tendency to random orientation it goes against what was expressed above, which leads them to align themselves with a field.
Properties of diamagnetic materials
The three main properties of diamagnetic materials are as follows:
- magnetic permeability less than 1;
- magnetization with values below 0;
- magnetic susceptibility below 0 and almost unrelated to temperature.
The magnetic permeability of a conductor is its ability to influence and be influenced by a magnetic field. But it is also their ability to become their source, to originate them without needing current external. It is the combination of two other concepts: the magnetic induction (magnitude that characterizes the representative vector of the magnetic field) and the magnetic excitation (a field used to describe magnetism macroscopically).
The concept of magnetization is also known as magnetization either magnetization, and it is the density that in a material its bipolar moments can be appreciated when magnetized by a metal, if it has a ferromagnetic component. In almost all cases, this phenomenon occurs when a body is subjected to a magnetic field, although in certain materials, especially ferromagnetic ones, it can exist with great intensity even without said contact. We highlight that diamagnetism, on the other hand, is characterized by negative magnetization values.
The magnetic susceptibility is a constant that indicates how sensitive a material is to magnetization when subjected to a magnetic field. We noted above that a diamagnetic material has a negative susceptibility value. Note that this constant is closely related to magnetic permeability.