In our previous article we learned how the USSR was organized under the command of Lenin. After his death, Stalin assumes power in 1924. We will talk about the first years of his government in the following article.
stalin in power
With Stalin – who, unlike Lenindefended socialism in one country – began an era of political persecution within the communist partyto put an end to any type of opposition to his government plans.
Relations with nationalities also became more tense. As the 1920s progressed, ethnic groups from Belarus Y Ukraine They were victims of repression. Nationalism had begun to be considered
as a threat to the territorial integrity of the USSR.
The end of the New Economic Policy
Over time, doubts were also generalized regarding the advisability of continuing with the economic incentives of the New Economic Policy. In addition, it was thought that these types of policies set a course that could lead to counterrevolution or a return to capitalism.
When the USSR abandoned the New Economic Policybegan to apply forced collectivization of agriculture. Large tracts of land were expropriated and divided into kolkhoz (collective farms) and in sovkhoz (state farms).
It was assumed that the large production units would generate greater surpluses than private farms, which would make it possible to move on to accelerated industrialization. This policy caused resentment among the kulaks (farmers).
At the same time, the principles of the international revolution were abandoned and the formula of the socialism in a single country. Stalin believed that it was not possible to wait for the revolutionary outbreak in other countries and that, therefore, the USSR she was in serious danger of being attacked.
Hence came the urgency to develop the industry heavy. Despite the fact that the economic problems persisted, the production of coal and steel, the exploitation of hydrocarbons and the production of the chemical and arms industries increased.
The Constitution enacted in the year 1936 established that the government would be exercised by the Council of People’s Commissarsthe presidium and the Supreme Soviet.
The Council of People’s Commissars it was the executive body and acted collegially. Despite this, the real power resided in the person of Stalin.
The presidium was the permanent delegation of the Supreme Soviet and exercised legislative, executive and law interpretation functions.
The Supreme Soviet it was the superior organ of the power of the State, it was equivalent to the Parliament and it met three times a year. It was composed of Council of the Union of Representatives of the Republics and the Congress of Nationalitieswith five members per republic.
The birth of a new world power
There is no doubt that the Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most significant events of the 20th century history.
Against the expectations of the founders of the socialismtook place in a backward, war-weary and economically devastated country. Karl Marx
had argued that a socialist revolution it could only start in a highly industrialized country with a powerful industrial working class. That was not the Russian reality of 1917.
After 1930, the USSR became, in the eyes of the world, a great power from the economic and military points of view. This perception was reinforced because the USSR was spared the effects of the economic crisis and depression of the 1930s.
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