the tudor dynastyas we have seen in both The Tudors (I): Arrival to the Throne and The Tudors (II): Henry VIII, was a dynasty that, despite ruling for a short period of time, from 1485 to 1603, it can be said that it was the dynasty that caused the most changes in the future of the kingdom of England. Enrique VIII, faced the Pope and the Church, creating his own of which the king was the maximum representative. It is during this period when England decides to explore American territories, becoming part of the distribution of the territory of the new world. To end this trilogy, we are going to dedicate this chapter to The Tudors (III): Elizabethor as we know it in Spain Elizabeth Ithe Virgin Queen, last Queen of the House of Tudor.
The Tudors (III): Elizabeth | Background
Henry VIII lived obsessed with having a sonlet us remember that from his first wife, the Spanish Catalina de Aragón, he had obtained offspring but it was a girl, Maria.
When Henry rejected the queen for the impossibility of giving him a son, he also broke with the Catholic Church, creating a new church, the Anglican Church. This allowed him to repudiate Catalina and marry one of her ladies-in-waiting, Anne Boleyn.
With the birth of Isabel, daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII, Princess Mary, daughter of her previous marriage, would be declared illegitimate and out of any right of inheritance. Becoming Elizabeth, the new princess of England.
Soon Enrique fell in love again, this time with Jane Seymour, lady-in-waiting to Queen Anne Boleyn. Ana was beheaded accused of false adultery, so that she could marry Jane. Jane died 12 days after giving birth to the only son of Henry VIII, Edward. Now the heir would be Eduardo, so Princess Isabel became Lady Isabel, as she happened to her half-sister Maria, losing her succession rights.
the fourth wife Anne of Clevesa very unattractive German noblewoman and from whom he already wanted to divorce the same day of the wedding, even more so when among the bridesmaids of Anne of Cleves, was the beautiful Catherine Howardwho was also a cousin of the ill-fated Anne Boleyn.
Enrique got divorced of the german noblewoman Anne of Cleves and married Catherine Howard, but this marriage would not last long either, it is more Catherine would suffer the same fate as her cousin Ana, when she was discovered with one of the King’s men.
After the beheading of Catalina, Enrique, already ill, married Catherine Parrwho acted as a wonderful nurse with the king, managed to convince the king to return to include his daughters María and Isabel, within the succession rights, securing the dynasty on the death of King Henry.
The Tudors (III): Elizabeth | King Edward (1547 – 1553)
Eduardo inherits the throne on the death of his father, reigning with the name of Edward VI. He was in charge of polishing the new religion that his father had created. He also holds the title of having been the first English Protestant king. He studied with the best teachers of the time, standing out for his intelligence.
Eduardo was not a very healthy child, he was a weak and sickly child who always governed tutored by 16 people. prince edward passed away at the age of 15 leaving as heir to the throne Joan Graygreat-niece of Henry VIII.
Mary and Elizabeth were again excluded, the rights should fall on Mary, but her Catholic status clashed radically with the new church that was being formed, so it was ruled out.
Joan Gray remained in power for only a week, when Mary arrived in Londonit became clear that the people did not want Juana, but María.
The Tudors (III): Elizabeth | Mary Tudor (1516-1558)
Mary ascended the throne as Maria I, daughter of King Henry VIII and Queen Catherine of Aragon, therefore she was the granddaughter of the Catholic Monarchs. Maria had lived confined with her mother for many years, who initiated her into a fervent faith in the Catholic Church.
One of the first matters he dealt with was the return of the Kingdom of England to Catholicism and to submit to the spiritual designs of Rome. He persecuted the Anglican church reaching the Inquisition to judge and condemn at the stake more than 300 Anglican priests. This fact caused it to go down in history as Bloody Mari or Mary the Bloody.
Her obsession with getting married and being able to give an heir to the crown led her to seek a husband in all the European courts. In 1554, she married the young prince Philip of Spain, who would reign with the name of Philip II. Choosing Felipe was due to possible alliances, but María was Queen of England and consort of Spain and Felipe was consort of the Kingdom of England and King of the Kingdom of Spain.
Given her desire to be a mother, she suffered different “pregnancies”, which were not despite suffering part of the discomfort that these cause, it is now known that the queen possibly suffered from some type of pregnancy. ovarian tumor, reasons why she never managed to be a mother.
queen mary He stayed much longer in his homeland than in Spain, he was Queen of England and that was where she belonged, while her husband had an entire empire in both Europe and America to rule.
The Queen Mary passed away in 1558, childless, leaving his dynastic rights to the only Tudor left alive, Elizabeth the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.
The Tudors (III): Elizabeth | Elizabeth I (1533-1603)
Elizabeth I or Elizabeth Iascended to the throne of England and Ireland on the death of his half-sister Mary I, in 1558. He was the last representative, fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. He reigned from 1558 until his death.
Elizabeth, unlike her stepsister, was a Protestant, so the first step she took as soon as she came to the throne was to reestablish the Protestant Church, of which she would be its highest authority.
Elizabeth was a queen who devoted herself entirely to the politics of her country. She refused all the requests of the English Parliament, to marry, something that was expected of a queen was to grant an heir to the crown, but Elizabeth never married.
As the years passed and the queen began to age, Queen Elizabeth began to gain more fame for not having married than for the policies she was able to carry out, knowing her as the virgin queenthat’s how it came to literature, painting and even popular songs.
Foreign policy
In its foreign policyrejected the wedding pretensions of Philip II, already widow of queen María, but still maintained a somewhat cautious relationship with the Spanish king. France and Scotland had always maintained a cooperative relationship, while France, in continual wars with Spain, was also one of England’s historical enemies.
The situation between Spain and England gradually became unbearable, the constant incursions of corsairs English in the Spanish territories of America, the attack on the Spanish galleons, the wish of the Kingdom of England with get territories in the new continentmade these relationships a powder keg that exploded.
The Invincible Armada – The War of England – Spain.
The war between England and Spain was fought, practically ruining both countries and causing the loss of one of the most advanced fleets that existed until that moment, a fleet called Invincible, Prepared to cross the Atlantic but not for a sea as rough as the one that washed the English coasts, their heaviest ships were quickly pushed towards the coastal rocks, destroying practically the entire fleet.
The objective of overthrow the english protestant queen for Catholicism to return to the English kingdom, it was the excuse used to go to war with England, a war that practically ruined both countries. The result was the loss of practically the entire navy, but for Isabel assumed the tranquility to know that the Spanish Tercios they would not attempt a new invasion.
The queen’s health was always very good, she rarely got sick but at an advanced age and as her friends died, the queen began to suffer depressive processes, little by little his health deteriorated until in the early hours of March 24, 1603, the queen dies.
Elizabeth never ruled on her succession, although the desire to Cecil, adviser to the queen, was to find a candidate with dynastic rights. That candidate found him in James of Scotland, who with the help of Cecil’s advice, got the approval of the Queen, ascending the throne as James VI of Scotland.
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