We review how the most important features of the newly formed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), after the outbreak of the Russian Revolution.
In 1917 there was the outbreak of Russian Revolution against the tsarist monarchy, initiated by the Bolshevik Party. Very soon a civil war broke out that confronted, for three years, the Red Army (revolutionaries) with the White Army (defenders of the monarchy). Finally, in 1920, in the context of a widespread famine, the Red Army beat the White Army.
The Bolsheviks they had resisted in power and, despite all the contrary suppositions, they remained in it. Thus, in 1922, began the history of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)an alternative project to capitalism. The establishment of socialism It had not happened – contrary to what Marxist ideas themselves maintained – in a developed country.
The New Economic Policy
In a context of growing scarcity, to Russia there was no other way than to stimulate agricultural yields. Industry, meanwhile, had to increase production to meet the country’s needs in terms of machinery and consumer products.
In 1921, a different economic orientation was adopted. began to apply the so-called New Economic Policy (NEP). It was a kind of market communismthat is, a mixed economy: property socialist of the means of production coexisted with a free market or private economy. The objective of this policy was to accelerate the recovery of the economy.
From the social point of view, it was an attempt to recover the support of the
rural masses. The economic plan foresaw the possibility that peasants or kulaks could sell their surpluses on the free market.
As a result of this policy, agricultural production in the second half of the 1920s recovered to a volume similar to that of 1913, and light industry made some gains.
The formation of the USSR
In 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), composed of Russia and fourteen other republics, which were home to a multiplicity of ethnic groups. The formation of the USSR tried to improve relations between the state and nationalities, which were tense.
It was also proposed to improve the economic situation. for theory leninist, if the underdeveloped countries were brought together in a federal state, they could intimidate the capitalist powers and establish the socialism.
This idea prevailed during the founding of the USSR. The socialism, it was assumed, could not survive alone in a poor country. Thats why he Leninism he advocated revolution on a world scale.
In 1924, he died Leninthe main leader of the Russian Revolution. Thus began a tough struggle for succession in government and in the party. This bid for power faced, mainly, Leon Trotsky Already Joseph Stalinwho finally came to power.
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