By 1814 almost all of Latin America had moved closer to an autonomous government, and was attempting the independence of the Spanish crown. In this period a parenthesis opens that lasts until 1816; This period served to patriots group their forces and give cohesion to their movements.
To reach the independencethe organization of authentic armies to fight large-scale battles to drive the Spanish from the continent. The beginning of the release occurred almost simultaneously at the two ends of South America: In the south, starting from Buenos Aires, Jose de San Martin and his horse grenadiers begin their liberating campaign by crossing the Andes with an army of 3,000 men.
In the north, a very similar liberator emerges for his actions and convictions: Simon Bolivarenthusiastic convinced of his mission, persevering, an intelligent military leader, and a skilled politician.
In 1817, after unifying the independence efforts in that area under his command, he sought to first occupy the strategic regions (instead of the cities), such as the Llanos and the Orinoco, to cut off the contact that the royalists had with the outside through the river.
In 1819, the patriots they met in the Narrows Congress to form a constituent assembly. In her, Bolivar He presented his political program and a draft Constitution. Soon after, he jumped into the release from northern South America.
Then, Bolivar went through the Andes in an almost impossible company and obtained in Boyaca (August 7, 1819) a victory that opened the doors of Bogotá and all of New Granada.
Later he returned to Angostura, leaving command of those lands to General Santander, and the Congress of December 1819 granted the fundamental law of the Great Columbiathe establishment of a nation that included the current republics of Panama, Colombia, Venezuela Y Ecuador.
In November 1820 an agreement was signed in Trujillo between royalists and Spaniards to decree an armistice and dictate rules for war. When the truce expired, the patriots under the command of Simon Bolivar they won in Carabobo on June 24 1821 and expelled the Spanish from Venezuela.
Carabobo fixed the fate of Venezuelabut then the victories of Bolivar in Bottleand of Sucre in Pichinchaalso determined the release of Ecuador.
Continuing with the advance, on July 25, 1822, in guayaquil, they interviewed Simon Bolivar Y Jose de San Martin. The advance of the army from the north had definitively removed the royalist danger of Peruand as a result of the interview, San Martin retired and Bolivar remained as “dictator” of Peru.
Finally, the battle of Junin (August 7, 1824), won by Bolivarand of Ayacucho (December 9, 1824), won by Sucredefinitively sealed the South American independence regarding Spain.
Source: Roncayolo, M.: The European Revolutions and the Distribution of the World, Le Monde et son Histoire, Volume VIII, Editions Bordas, Paris.